DINI, NESTOR, KOPAL, DNBG: digital archiving in Germany : 6th scientific symposium Frankfurt - 6. wissenschaftliches Symposium Frankfurt, October 5 - 7, 2006 ; [abstract]

The enhancing importance of digital documents has effected activities on how to deal with them. One line came from the more general field of "scientific publishing", which was handled in detail by DINI (Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation). But for this initiative long- time archiving was only one field of many and was not their primary focus. DINI first of all concentrated on the elaboration of effective and standardized methods and tools for publishing and related services on the basis of open access policy via the use of institutional repositories. The second line of projects came from the more general view of maintaining cultural heritage also in a digital world. Especially under the patronage of the Ministry of Education and Research important projects were being financed. Strategic solutions including archives, libraries, and museums are discussed and elaborated within NESTOR, where more technical solutions based on the term of practicability are developed within KOPAL. KOPAL brought together the industry (IBM) with a public- funded technical center (GWDG) and two libraries (DNB and SUB Göttingen). Within this project a general software implementation, which took into consideration all necessary international standards, could be finished last month and has been now for about two weeks. Based on early results within NESTOR it seemed important too, to strengthen all activities by giving them a legal basis. Therefore when the law changed concerning the German National Library from June 22nd this year (DNBG), the library was authorized with all the necessary instruments to collect digital documents in "non-physical" form as well. With this law at the moment Germany is in the rare position of being one of the few countries where the collection of network publications is part of the whole legal deposit strategy

National licenses: concept, implementation and prospect of a scheme of the German Research Foundation to licence digital text collectionsfor the scientific community of Germany : Bruno Bauer presents 10 questions to Berndt Dugall who is head of the university library at Frankfurt on the Main and agent of one out of nine institutions which act jointly in order to organise the purchase of national licenses

Das Programm der Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.de/) wurde 2004 von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) entwickelt. Ziel ist es, bundesweit geltende Lizenzvereinbarungen mit Fachgesellschaften, Verlagen und anderen Informationsanbietern abzuschließen und dadurch Wissenschaftlern, Studierenden und wissenschaftlich interessierten Privatpersonen in ganz Deutschland den kostenlosen Zugang zu Datenbanken, digitalen Textsammlungen und elektronischen Zeitschriften zu ermöglichen. Das aktuelle Interview mit Berndt Dugall informiert über das Konzept der Nationallizenzen, dessen Finanzierung, das organisatorische Umfeld sowie das Procedere von der Auswahl bis zur Lizenzierung einzelner elektronischer Ressourcen. Zuletzt werden auch die Bedeutung der Nationallizenzen für den Wissenschaftsstandort Deutschland sowie die Zukunft der Bibliotheken angesichts der rasanten technischen Entwicklungen auf dem Informationssektor angesprochen.In 2004 the German Research Foundation (DFG) drafted a plan for national licenses (http://www.nationallizenzen.de/). License agreements with scholarly societies, comercial publishers and other information providers should be valid for the whole area of Germany. Hence scientists, students and people with interest in science should be able to access databases, digital text collections and e-journals free of charge within Germany. In this interview Berndt Dugall informs on the concept of a national license and talks about its funding and its organisational environment. He will explain the course from picking an electronic resource to licensing it. Finally the significance of national licenses for science in Germany will be discussed and the future of libraries will be reviewed in the light of the fast-paced development in the information industry

Quantum Game Theory and Open Access Publishing

The digital revolution of the information age and in particular the sweeping changes of scientific communication brought about by computing and novel communication technology, potentiate global, high grade scientific information for free. The arXiv for example is the leading scientific communication platform, mainly for mathematics and physics, where everyone in the world has free access on. While in some scientific disciplines the open access way is successfully realized, other disciplines (e.g. humanities and social sciences) dwell on the traditional path, even though many scientists belonging to these communities approve the open access principle. In this paper we try to explain these different publication patterns by using a game theoretical approach. Based on the assumption, that the main goal of scientists is the maximization of their reputation, we model different possible game settings, namely a zero sum game, the prisoners’ dilemma case and a version of the stag hunt game, that show the dilemma of scientists belonging to “non-open access communities”. From an individual perspective, they have no incentive to deviate from the Nash Equilibrium of traditional publishing. By extending the model using the quantum game theory approach it can be shown, that if the strength of entanglement exceeds a certain value, the scientists will overcome the dilemma and terminate to publish only traditionally in all three settings.Open Access, game theory, social dilemma, quantum game theory

Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg

Bücher und Zeitschriften, aber auch weitere Materialien wie Zeitungen, Notendrucke, Autographen und anderes gehören seit Jahrhunderten zum Bestand wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken und sind gleichzeitig Objekte für Lehre und Forschung. Sie zu sammeln, zu erschließen und den Interessierten zugänglich zu machen, war und ist die Aufgabe von Bibliotheken. Nun befinden wir uns heute jedoch in einer Zeit des fundamentalen Wandels. Von Vielen wird er als Paradigma beschrieben, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Welt der gedruckten Texte und Bilder (Gutenberg-Galaxis) abgelöst wird von einer digitalen Welt (Turing-Galaxis), in der Information nicht mehr an einen und schon gar nicht analogen Träger gebunden ist. In der Folge der Entwicklung des Internets sind in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten mit Suchmaschinen und "Discovery Systemen", mit elektronischen Zeitschriften und ebensolchen Büchern, mit Hypertexten und dem "Semantic Web" Strukturen entstanden, denen eines gemeinsam ist. Ihre informationellen Inhalte sind nicht mehr an ein physisches Objekt gebunden, sie sind nicht mehr lokalisierbar und von daher im Prinzip von überall her und zu jeder Zeit nutzbar. ..

The influence of different boundary conditions including the incentives of the participating actors on the market for scientific information

Der Vortrag wurde am 5th Frankfurt Scientific Symposium gehalten (22-23 Oktober 2005)

Ausweg aus der Zeitschriftenkrise? Ein Entscheidungsmodell für den Bezug elektronischer Zeitschriften im konsortialen Rahmen

Die zunehmende Monopolisierung auf dem Markt für Informationsressourcen im akademischen Sektor führte in den vergangenen Jahren zu einer verstärkten Bildung von Bibliothekskonsortien auf der Abnehmerseite, die einen Gegenpol in Form einer Einkaufsgenossenschaft darstellen sollten [McCa02]. Diese Tendenzen lassen sich in verschiedenen Ländern wie etwa in Deutschland, England, der Schweiz und der Niederlande beobachten [Okerso]. In den USA sind Konsortien eher selten zu finden; das größte Konsortium ist hier OHIO-Link (http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/). In Deutschland richten sich die meisten Konsortien wegen der föderalen Finanzierungsstrukturen regional aus; überregionale bzw. deutschlandweite Konsortien sind derzeit noch selten. Ein Zusammenschluss auf thematischer Grundlage findet derzeit so gut wie gar nicht statt, vielmehr werden möglichst viele Bibliotheken in Konsortien unabhängig von den an den jeweiligen Standorten betriebenen Forschungsschwerpunkten eingebunden [AnDe02]...

Empirische Analyse der Nutzung elektronischer Zeitschriften

Elektronische (digitale) Zeitschriften spielen seit mehreren Jahren eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle in der Informationsversorgung von Wissenschaft und Forschung. Während jedoch die Nutzungsformen sich so gut wie vollständig an den Standards des www mit all seinen Vorzügen orientieren, sind die Preisbildungsmechanismen noch stark an der Welt der gedruckten Zeitschriften orientiert. Sie unterliegen allerdings zur Zeit einem erheblichen Wandel, ohne dass erkennbar wäre, welche Preisstrukturen zukünftig den Markt bestimmen werden. Das seit November 2001 laufende DFG-Projekt "Perspektiven für den Bezug elektronischer Informationsressourcen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Marktsituation für elektronische Informationsversorgung im hochschulischen Bereich zu analysieren und davon ausgehend Perspektiven abzuleiten. In einer ersten Phase sollen zunächst die Nutzungsgewohnheiten seitens der Wissenschaftler und Studierenden untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit exemplarisch aufgezeigt, eine detaillierte Nutzungsanalyse wird zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt veröffentlicht.Since a couple of years digital journals will play an increasing role concerning information supply in the fields of science and research. But while access-mechanisms will be oriented as close as possible on the www standards , the mechanisms of price development are still influenced strongly by the printed world. At the moment they are undergoing some change but it is not seen which structures will determine the market in the near future. Within a project funded by the German Research Association (DFG), perspectives for acquisition of electronic information resources especially in German universities , the market situation should be analyzed and future activities should be recommended. In a first step the usage patterns of scientists and students have to be analyzed. The results are presented by giving selected examples whereas a more detailed analysis of usage patterns will be published later

General cost analysis for scholarly communication in Germany : results of the "Houghton Report" for Germany

Management Summary: Conducted within the project “Economic Implications of New Models for Information Supply for Science and Research in Germany”, the Houghton Report for Germany provides a general cost and benefit analysis for scientific communication in Germany comparing different scenarios according to their specific costs and explicitly including the German National License Program (NLP). Basing on the scholarly lifecycle process model outlined by Björk (2007), the study compared the following scenarios according to their accounted costs: - Traditional subscription publishing, - Open access publishing (Gold Open Access; refers primarily to journal publishing where access is free of charge to readers, while the authors or funding organisations pay for publication) - Open Access self-archiving (authors deposit their work in online open access institutional or subject-based repositories, making it freely available to anyone with Internet access; further divided into (i) CGreen Open Access’ self-archiving operating in parallel with subscription publishing; and (ii) the ‘overlay services’ model in which self-archiving provides the foundation for overlay services (e.g. peer review, branding and quality control services)) - the NLP. Within all scenarios, five core activity elements (Fund research and research communication; perform research and communicate the results; publish scientific and scholarly works; facilitate dissemination, retrieval and preservation; study publications and apply the knowledge) were modeled and priced with all their including activities. Modelling the impacts of an increase in accessibility and efficiency resulting from more open access on returns to R&D over a 20 year period and then comparing costs and benefits, we find that the benefits of open access publishing models are likely to substantially outweigh the costs and, while smaller, the benefits of the German NLP also exceed the costs. This analysis of the potential benefits of more open access to research findings suggests that different publishing models can make a material difference to the benefits realised, as well as the costs faced. It seems likely that more Open Access would have substantial net benefits in the longer term and, while net benefits may be lower during a transitional period, they are likely to be positive for both ‘author-pays’ Open Access publishing and the ‘over-lay journals’ alternatives (‘Gold Open Access’), and for parallel subscription publishing and self-archiving (‘Green Open Access’). The NLP returns substantial benefits and savings at a modest cost, returning one of the highest benefit/cost ratios available from unilateral national policies during a transitional period (second to that of ‘Green Open Access’ self-archiving). Whether ‘Green Open Access’ self-archiving in parallel with subscriptions is a sustainable model over the longer term is debateable, and what impact the NLP may have on the take up of Open Access alternatives is also an important consideration. So too is the potential for developments in Open Access or other scholarly publishing business models to significantly change the relative cost-benefit of the NLP over time. The results are comparable to those of previous studies from the UK and Netherlands. Green Open Access in parallel with the traditional model yields the best benefits/cost ratio. Beside its benefits/cost ratio, the meaningfulness of the NLP is given by its enforceability. The true costs of toll access publishing (beside the buyback” of information) is the prohibition of access to research and knowledge for society